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A cataract is an opacification of the lens of the eye which leads to a blurry vision and an increased glare of the lights. It develops slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Fortunately, cataract surgery is generally a safe, effective procedure and it takes an hour or less to perform. During the surgical intervention, the clouded lens is removed and a clear artificial lens is usually implanted into the empty lens capsule. In some cases, however, a cataract may be removed without implanting an artificial lens. The majority of people who undergo cataract surgery regain their vision and heal completely within eight weeks.
The surgery done for cervical and ovarian cancer is a radical hysterecomy with salpingo-oophorectomy.The goal of the surgery is to remove all visible ovarian and cervical cancer. It usually includes a hysterectomy, which removes the uterus, cervix, and parts of the vagina, a salpingo-oophorectomy which removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes, removing and checking the pelvic and aortic lymph nodes to see if the cancer has spread,checking the abdominal organs, the omentum and tissues for cancer cells.
A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of your stomach bulges through the diaphragm. Although many people with hiatal hernia do not experience any signs or symptoms and do not need treatment, if recurrent heartburn or acid reflux occur, they may need medication or surgery. Surgery is used for those who do not respond to medication or have complications, such as severe inflammation or narrowing of the esophagus. The procedure may involve pulling the stomach down into the abdomen and making the opening in the diaphragm smaller, reconstructing an esophageal sphincter or removing the hernia sac.
The posterior cranial fossa is the deepest and most confined space in the skull. Posterior fossa hematomas are life-threatening hemorrhages that affect the structures of the posterior fossa (cerebellum and the brainstem). The surgical management of this condition can be done either by placing an external ventricular drain or through an open craniotomy. The main approaches are suboccipital paramedian or midline craniotomy. The procedures start with the skin incision, then, both skin and muscles are dissected and lifted off the skull. Once the bone is exposed, we can do the craniotomy. The craniotomy flap is lifted and removed, uncovering the dura mater. The bone flap is stored to be replaced at the end of the procedure. The dura mater is then opened to expose the brain parenchyma. After the hematoma is drained, the dura mater is closed, and the bone flap is positioned, aligned, and fixed with metal clips. Finally, the skin is sutured.
The live surgery session will be initiated by a presentation of Dr. Vicențiu Săceleanu entitled “Brain IT – Brain revealed: Innovative technologies in neurosurgery study”.
Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure where some or all of the vitreous humor gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball is removed in order to provide better access to the retina. This technique could be performed in patients with a retinal tear, diabetic retinopathy, a macular hole, epiretinal membrane, an infection called endophthalmitis, severe eye injury or a retinal detachment. The surgeon then injects saline or a bubble made of gas or silicone oil into the space, which will be gradually replaced by the eye’s own fluids.
Mitral valve prolapse is a condition in which the two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium. Techniques of mitral repair include putting in chords in place of the ruptured chords that led to the leaky valve in the first place. Cutting out extra mitral valve leaflet tissues for large prolapsed valves and making other modifications to the valve leaflets to prevent further leakiness.
The live-in-a-box session includes four presentations:
• The surgical anatomy in mitral valve diseases
• Perioperative echocardiography in mitral prolapse
• Case presentation and surgical approach
• Sternotomy vs. minithoracotomy in mitral valve repair
Both primary and secondary liver cancers are among the most commonly reported causes of cancer-related death. Laparoscopy has become the standard of care for minor liver resections and for some major liver resections. Robotic surgery for liver resections is a promising novel technique and may overcome the limitations of laparoscopy. Laparoscopic radio-frequency ablation and microwave coagulation are additional tools to achieve a local control of lesions nonamenable to surgical resection.
The live-in-a-box session includes two presentations:
• Minimally invasive approach to liver tumors – a tale from the learning curve
• A glimpse to the resident life in a HBP team
A pituitary adenoma is a growth or tumor on the pituitary gland. In transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery, a surgical instrument is placed through the nostril and alongside the nasal septum to access a pituitary tumor. The surgeon inserts the endoscope in one nostril and advances it to the back of the nasal cavity. The thin bone of the sella is removed to expose the tumor and the pituitary gland. Through a small hole in the sella, the tumor is removed by the neurosurgeon in pieces with long grasping instruments.
The live-in-a-box session includes two presentations:
• Endoscopic transnasal approach of pituitary adenomas
• Closing methods of the skull base, incidents and accidents
Endometriosis is an often painful condition in which cells similar to those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside it. Most commonly, it involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining the pelvis. Doctors can diagnose and treat endometriosis with laparoscopy. The surgeon makes small incisions near the navel and lower abdomen, examines the internal organs and removes any visible endometriosis, adhesions and endometriomas restoring the normal pelvic anatomy as much as possible.
This live-in-a-box session involves three presentations:
• What is endometriosis and how do we establish the correct diagnosis?
• Therapeutic principles in the treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis
• The surgical treatment of deep infiltrating intestinal endometriosis
